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Classics & Primary Sources

The Histories

First published
c. 430 BC

The first great work of Western history: Herodotus on the Persian Wars, and the peoples, customs and wonders of his world.

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About this book

Herodotus, a Greek writer from Halicarnassus, set out to record the great deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks and to explain why they came into conflict. His Histories build toward the wars between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states, including the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis.

Along the way he travels widely in his narrative, describing Egypt, Scythia, Lydia, Babylon and many other lands, and collecting stories, customs and reports, some of which he openly doubts. These digressions are a large part of the book's charm and give a remarkable picture of how the ancient world saw itself. Herodotus is a lively, curious and often humorous companion, and his work remains a key source for historians of the period.

Many translations and editions of this work exist; we suggest choosing a modern translation with notes, maps and an introduction, which makes a real difference for first-time readers. For a modern retelling of the same conflict, pair it with Persian Fire.

Who it’s for

Great for curious readers who enjoy storytelling and travel; long and wandering, so a well-annotated edition makes it far easier.

Ancient GreecePersian WarsPrimary sourceClassics

Editions vary by publisher and format. Check the retailer’s listing for the edition, translation and format before you buy.